小学英语过去式--概念 过去时通常表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里能找到表示过去时间的词或词组。 如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month,last year,a moment ago(刚才),just now(刚才),two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如:I went to bed at eleven last night.昨晚我11:00睡觉。 动词过去式的构成规律 (一)规则动词的过去式 1、一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed; look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited 2、以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d; live→lived use→used 3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加–ed; study→studied,try→tried fly→flied 4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。 s→sped plan→planned,prefer→preferred (二)不规则动词的过去式 1、改变动词中的元音; begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got 2、变词尾的–d为–t; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent 3、与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut 4、变-ay为-aid(少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid 5、采用不同词根; sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought 6、其他。 am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did 过去式句子结构 1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。 如:(1)I was at home yesterday.昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now.刚才我们在体育馆。 2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。 如:I visited my uncle yesterday.昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。 3、各种句式 (1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句: 主语+动词过去式+宾语或表语。 He worked in Shanghai ten years ago. (2)一般过去时的否定句: a.主语+didn’t+动词原形+宾语。(did+not=didn't) He didn't do morning exercises yesterday. b.主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语。(was+not=wasn't were+not=weren't) He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago. (3)一般过去时的一般疑问句: a.Did+主语+动词原形+宾语? Did you study English in 1990? b.Was/Were+主语+表语? Was he a pupil five years ago? (4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句: a.特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语? Where did your parents live five years ago? What did you do last Sunday? b.特殊疑问词+were/was+表语? Who was at the zoo yesterday? |